Safety, Occupational Health, and Good Working Environment

1. Board Oversight of Health and Safety

The Group recognizes that a strong safety culture must be driven by organizational leadership, the tone from the top. To ensure clear governance, the Group has established a defined structure for overseeing occupational health and safety, assigning the Corporate Governance and Sustainable Development Committee as the named position responsible at the Board level. The Committee is led by Mr. Monchai Pongstabadee (Chairman), Mr. Kamthon Wangudom (Director), and Mr. Varut Tummavaranukub (Director).

The Committee plays a critical role in reviewing and setting policies, strategies, and operational frameworks related to ESG, including occupational health, safety, and the working environment. It oversees the management team to ensure that health and safety risks are systematically assessed and managed, with appropriate preventive measures in place. The Committee also monitors performance against the Group’s Zero Accident target and receives regular reports from management representatives and working teams to ensure safe operations, minimized impacts, and strict adherence to international standards.

2. Global Safety Standards Alignment

The Group operates in full compliance with legal requirements related to safety, occupational health, and the working environment, following a systematic approach under the recognized ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management System.

3. End-to-End Project Safety Management & Risk Assessment

The Group places strong emphasis on integrated safety management across all project stages, from pre-construction, construction, and operation, through to project decommissioning, to ensure that all activities meet the highest standards. The Group has enhanced its comprehensive assessment of occupational health and safety risks by categorizing them according to project status, as follows:

• Risk Assessment for New Projects (Potential New Operations or Projects / Due Diligence): The Group conducts a thorough Due Diligence process during the pre-project stage, particularly for the 14 projects currently under development. Proactive assessments are carried out to identify health and safety risks affecting employees, communities, and contractors in the project area. The findings from these assessments are used to establish preventive measures from the outset and serve as mandatory criteria for screening partners and subcontractors to ensure their safety standards strictly align with the Group’s policies.
• Risk Assessment for Existing Operations or Projects: For the 13 projects already in commercial operation, the Group enforces a strict system for monitoring and managing operational control documents. All activities within the power plant area must undergo a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to identify potential hazards and determine safe work procedures. In addition, before any work begins, all personnel, including employees, contractors, and business partners, are required to follow the Work Permit System, which includes rigorous checks on individual readiness and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE). These measures are designed to minimize accident risks and ensure the highest level of operational stability and effectiveness.

4. Welfare and Safety Culture Empowerment

The Group provides comprehensive labor protection welfare, including social security, accident insurance, annual health check-ups, and additional benefits beyond legal requirements to ensure full safety and health assurance for employees. The Group also believes that employee participation is a key driver in building a strong safety culture. Therefore, employees at all levels are encouraged to take part in developing and improving safety and well-being systems through various channels, such as Safety Talk activities, safety and health training and awareness programs, as well as opportunities for employees to participate in assessing workplace safety risks through Job Safety Analysis. These efforts help strengthen preparedness and continuously enhance work processes to achieve the highest level of safety.

Performance

The Group operates in strict compliance with legal requirements related to safety, occupational health, and the working environment through a systematic approach, including the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (ISO 45001). This covers the safety of personnel, nearby communities, and all stakeholders, as it pertains to the fundamental human right to safety and health. In addition, the Group places strong emphasis on safety management throughout all phases of each project—from the pre-construction stage, through the construction and operational stages, and all the way to the project decommissioning stage—to ensure that the Group delivers occupational health and safety performance at the highest level of effectiveness.

1. Driving Zero Fatality Accident

The Group enforces strict safety standards across the entire value chain, with transparent monitoring and disclosure of work-related accident statistics covering both employees and contractors. Over the past three years (2023–2025), the Group has tracked performance across all 13 commercially operating projects, representing 100% of operational sites. The safety performance results are summarized below.

Work-related safety Statistics (2023–2025) from 13 operating projects (100% of total operational projects)

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Performance Monitoring and Industry Benchmarking The Group benchmarks its safety performance against the 2024 OSHA industry report for the Utilities sector, which is classified as a high-risk industry with a Disabling Accident and Fatality at Work (DAFW) rate of 43.7%. The report also highlights the occurrence of occupational illnesses, including hearing loss (2.2%) and skin diseases (2.3%). In comparison, SSP demonstrates significantly stronger safety performance than international benchmarks. The Group achieved zero fatalities and recorded only one lost-time accident case, resulting in an LTIFR of just 0.2 for contractors and 0 for employees. Additionally, no occupational illness cases were reported. These results reinforce the effectiveness of the Group’s rigorous performance management system, which ensures strict and efficient risk control across all project sites.

Incident Investigation & Corrective Actions The Group’s ultimate goal is to reduce the Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR) to zero. However, in 2025, one lost-time work-related accident involving a contractor under the operation and maintenance contract of the UPT biomass power plant was recorded. This incident resulted in a contractor LTIFR of 0.2 cases per one million hours worked, which did not meet the Company’s target. To align with international safety standards, the Group implemented the following actions in response to the incident:

• Investigation & Findings: The incident was urgently investigated in collaboration with the contractor to conduct a full Root Cause Analysis and identify the underlying causes of the injury.
• Corrective & Preventive Actions: The investigation results were used to improve work processes, including strengthening checks on the readiness and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enhancing the rigor of the Work Permit System to prevent recurrence of similar incidents in the future.

2. Annual Review of Risk Assessment and Safe Work Opportunities at Least Once a Year

The Group places the highest priority on operational safety by establishing systematic safety measures supported by strictly controlled documentation and inspection processes across all project stages and activities. Each department is required to identify risks and hazards associated with its activities and define structured preventive and corrective measures to ensure that workers clearly understand and correctly follow safe work procedures. For every work activity, whether performed by employees, partners, or contractors, a job safety analysis (JSA) must be conducted to identify potential hazards and prepare appropriate preventive and control measures before work begins. In addition, all personnel must obtain a work permit prior to entering the work area. This process verifies readiness across multiple dimensions, including personnel suitability, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate for the task, adequacy of tools and equipment, workplace conditions and surrounding environment, and preparedness of emergency response measures.

The Group has compiled all occupational health and safety-related activities that may pose risks, together with the corresponding preventive and corrective measures, as presented in the table below.

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Beyond preventing workplace accidents, the Group places the highest priority on the health and well-being of employees. The Group is committed to maintaining consistently high standards in accordance with safe workplace requirements, including proper hygiene management and suitable environmental conditions in offices and power generation project areas. The Group provides a range of welfare benefits and health-promotion activities, including annual health check-ups, exercise promotion, health education through all corporate communication channels, epidemic prevention and monitoring, as well as encouraging employees to participate in sports and wellness activities together with customers, partners, and business allies. These measures help promote employees’ physical and mental well-being, foster a well-being-oriented organizational culture, and contribute to long-term employee happiness, work efficiency, and organizational engagement.

3. Comprehensive Health Promotion & Risk Prevention

The Group considers the health and overall well-being of its personnel as a fundamental pillar of sustainable business operations. The Group focuses on proactive management of health-related risks to ensure that the annual health check-up results of employees and contractors show no individuals in severe risk conditions or critical health status. Key performance outcomes related to employee well-being are summarized as follows.

Health Examination Statistics by Work-Related Risk Factors (2023–2025)

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Global Health & Epidemic Management In addition to annual health check-ups and maintaining hygienic and safe working environments, the Group has established mechanisms to closely monitor global outbreaks of infectious and emerging diseases (such as coronavirus outbreaks and other newly emerging pathogens) to ensure preparedness and to implement proactive measures that prevent transmission among employees, contractors, and the families of personnel. The Group strictly enforces public health measures in line with the Ministry of Public Health’s guidelines, including campaigns and support for vaccination programs, to build long-term and sustainable health protection.

Hearing Conservation Program: To prevent risks associated with noise exposure in construction areas and power plant operations, the Group implements noise-control measures at the source and provides certified hearing protection PPE to employees and contractors. The Group also conducts annual audiometric testing as part of its monitoring program. As a result of strict implementation, the number of work-related hearing impairment cases has remained consistently at “zero.”

Commitment to Continuous Improvement & Safety Culture To reinforce its mission of advancing a safety-driven culture toward excellence, Sermsang Palang Ngan Co., Ltd. (SPN), the Group’s solar power project, participated in and supported two major national initiatives in 2025:

• White Factory Project: A national initiative promoting anti-drug policies in collaboration with the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare, aimed at creating a drug-free workplace environment. This foundational measure helps reduce accident risks in a tangible and sustainable manner.
• Outstanding Model Establishment Award in Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Environment Assessment 2025: The Group joined this program to strengthen and systematize its safety management processes, emphasizing hazard identification and risk mitigation in a proactive manner. This includes establishing standardized work procedures, providing training, conducting monitoring and inspections, and ensuring effective communication to achieve zero work-related injuries and illnesses.

4. Maintaining and Enhancing the Certified Occupational Health & Safety Management System (ISO 45001)

In 2025, the Group expanded its ISO 45001:2018 certification to additional energy business units, including Winchai Co., Ltd., Sermsang Palang Ngan Co., Ltd., and Sermsang Solar Co., Ltd., to elevate safety standards across the entire organization. This certification framework strengthens protections for employees, nearby communities, and all stakeholders, reflecting the Group’s commitment to upholding fundamental human rights. As of March 2026, 3 companies within the Group are certified under ISO 45001 (Coverage of certification): Sermsang Power Corporation Public Company Limited, Winchai Co., Ltd., and Uni Power Tech Co., Ltd. This represents 23% of operational sites out of a total of 13 projects currently in operation. Employees covered under the Occupational Health and Safety Management System account for 6.7%, while contractors account for 27.8%.

5. Employee Occupational Health & Safety Training

The Group views occupational health and safety training not merely as a legal requirement, but as a proactive mechanism for building a strong safety culture. Training ensures that employees and contractors understand correct work processes, can properly use personal protective equipment (PPE), and are able to identify, assess, and respond to emergencies in a timely manner. These capabilities directly contribute to reducing risks, errors, and workplace accidents to zero.

In 2025, the Group strengthened its Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training program through a more structured and systematic approach, covering 3 strategic training categories as follows.

Category 1: Core Safety & Emergency Response

• Basic fire-fighting training and fire evacuation drills
• Emergency response and evacuation team training
• Basic first aid and CPR using AED devices, including response to venomous snake bites

Category 2: High-Risk Operations & Technical Safety

• Working at Heights Safety
• High-voltage electrical safety and Thailand’s electrical installation standards
• Chemical safety and chemical fire evacuation drills
• Safety in designing and installing solar rooftop power systems (Solar Rooftop Safety)

Category 3: Safety Management System & Risk Assessment

• Hazard identification, safety risk assessment, and environmental issue identification
• ISO 45001 (Occupational Health & Safety) and ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) requirements, including internal audit training
• Safety Officer (Supervisor Level) training
• Pre-work Safety Orientation for employees and contractors before commencing work

Occupational Health & Safety Awareness Statistics (2023–2025)

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N/A : Not Available — data not yet collected / not ready for disclosure for 2023 and 2024